In Carachuri-Rosendo v. Holder, the U.S. Supreme Court unanimously reversed the decisions of the U.S. Court of Appeals and an Immigration Judge, holding that second or subsequent simple possession offenses are not aggravated felonies under immigration law when the state conviction is not based on the fact of a prior conviction. Because immigrants convicted of aggravated felonies under immigration law are ineligible to apply for cancellation of removal, this is a significant decision that will give thousands of immigrants the chance to fight their deportation cases.